
What Happens to Index Funds During a Recession
Broad index funds fell 34% in 2020 and 49% in 2008-2009 and recovered both times — the mechanism is mechanical, and surviving it is behavioral.
Investing covers the working method for a private portfolio: how much to contribute and how often, which account types reduce tax, what fees cost over decades, and why holding period changes the odds. Written for individuals managing money without professional support, using worked examples throughout every piece.
Contribution schedules, holding periods, account types and fee drag explained with worked figures, so a portfolio rests on arithmetic not instinct.

Broad index funds fell 34% in 2020 and 49% in 2008-2009 and recovered both times — the mechanism is mechanical, and surviving it is behavioral.

Roughly a third of the broad market's long-run total return has come from dividends — but only for investors who reinvested them, and only visibly over decades.

Four sections carry nearly all the decision-relevant information — fees, holdings, risk factors, and performance — and the SEC requires each to follow a…

The 2026 contribution limit is $7,500 either way — the choice hinges on one honest question: is your tax rate today higher or lower than it will be in…

Realized losses can offset gains plus up to $3,000 of ordinary income a year — but the wash sale rule disqualifies anything repurchased within sixty-one days.